Here are 45 vocabulary words related to science and technology, along with their definitions:
Abstract: A summary or brief overview of a scientific article or research paper.
Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or set of rules used to solve a problem or complete a task.
Analysis: The process of examining something in detail to understand its components or structure.
Application: The practical use or implementation of scientific knowledge or technology.
Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
Conduction: The transfer of heat or electricity through a medium, such as a solid or a conductor.
Conserve: To protect or preserve something, such as natural resources or energy.
Convergent: Coming together or meeting at a point or common focus.
Data: Information, facts, or statistics collected for analysis or reference.
Density: The degree of compactness or mass per unit volume of a substance or object.
Ecosystem: A community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Efficiency: The ability to achieve maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or resources.
Emission: The release or discharge of substances, such as gases or particles, into the environment.
Equilibrium: A state of balance or stability between opposing forces or factors.
Exponential: Growing or increasing at an extremely fast rate or in a pattern of constant multiplication.
Extract: To remove or obtain a specific component or substance from a mixture or source.
Forecast: To predict or estimate future events or trends based on available data or patterns.
Friction: The resistance encountered when one object moves in contact with another object.
Gene: A unit of hereditary information that is passed from parent to offspring and determines traits.
Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
Hypothesis: A proposed explanation or prediction based on limited evidence, which can be tested.
Innovation: The introduction of new ideas, methods, or technologies that lead to significant improvements.
Kinetic: Relating to or resulting from motion or movement.
Magnitude: The size, extent, or importance of something, often measured on a numerical scale.
Nanotechnology: The science and engineering of manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale.
Organic: Relating to or derived from living organisms or matter containing carbon atoms.
Paradox: A statement or situation that appears contradictory but may reveal a deeper truth.
Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms convert sunlight into energy.
Precision: The quality of being exact, accurate, or consistent in measurement or performance.
Quantum: Relating to or involving the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.
Reactant: A substance that undergoes a chemical change in a chemical reaction.
Resistant: Having the ability to withstand or withstand the effects of something.
Saturation: The state or process of being fully soaked or filled to capacity.
Solar: Relating to or powered by the energy of the sun.
Synthesize: To combine different elements or components to form a coherent whole.
Technology: The application of scientific knowledge and tools to solve practical problems.
Theoretical: Based on or concerned with theories, abstract principles, or hypothetical situations.
Transistor: A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Ultraviolet: Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays.
Variable: A factor or quantity that is susceptible to change or variation.
Velocity: The speed of an object in a particular direction, often measured in meters per second.
Virus: A microscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the cells of living organisms.
Wavelength: The distance between two consecutive points in a wave, such as light or sound.
Xenophobia: The fear, dislike, or prejudice against people from other countries or cultures.
Zoology: The branch of biology that deals with the study of animals, their behavior, and classification.
These vocabulary words cover a range of scientific and technological concepts and should be helpful for TOEFL preparation in these areas.
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