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Reading Suffixes

 



Tier 1 (Most Common)





Suffix

Description

Examples (20)

-ity

Forms abstract nouns

capacity, clarity, possibility, security, curiosity, complexity, humanity, diversity, legality, authority

-al

Forms adjectives

central, formal, mental, visual, local, global, social, cultural, physical, final

-ent

Forms adjectives or nouns

excellent, patient, different, confident, recent, dependent, urgent, convenient, confident, evident

-an

Forms nouns denoting agents or things

American, ocean, human, musician, captain, pelican, hurricane, postman, policeman, customer

-ate

Forms verbs

activate, calculate, create, translate, decorate, participate, illustrate, demonstrate, complicate, evaporate

Tier 2 (Highly Used)





Suffix

Description

Examples (20)

-ence/ance

Forms nouns denoting actions, states, or qualities

existence, guidance, dependence, difference, performance, importance, appearance, inheritance, maintenance, abundance

-ic

Forms adjectives

historic, basic, tragic, magic, comic, plastic, economic, dramatic, symbolic, realistic

-ible

Indicates possibility

terrible, possible, terrible, flexible, visible, terrible, audible, sensible, terrible, incredible

-en

Forms verbs (mostly)

lengthen, widen, darken, strengthen, open, deepen, soften, tighten, freshen, sharpen

Tier 3 (Less Common, But Still Important)





Suffix

Description

Examples (20)

-er/or

Forms agents

teacher, doctor, driver, baker, writer, actor, manager, director, worker, supervisor

-ment

Forms nouns denoting actions, states, or results

development, enjoyment, government, movement, achievement, excitement, requirement, replacement, improvement, involvement

-ive

Forms adjectives relating to actions

active, creative, positive, negative, attractive, informative, expensive, aggressive, impressive, massive

-less

Forms the opposite of an adjective

hopeless, helpless, endless, speechless, careless, fearless, clueless, timeless, worthless, priceless

-ous

Forms adjectives

famous, dangerous, delicious, courageous, enormous, obvious, suspicious, mysterious, continuous, marvelous

-ism

Forms doctrines, principles, or systems

socialism, capitalism, feminism, racism, communism, terrorism, optimism, pessimism, realism, idealism

-tion

Forms actions or processes

creation, destruction, education, completion, investigation, imagination, communication, celebration, organization, presentation

-logy

Forms studies or bodies of knowledge

biology, psychology, sociology, geology, technology, ecology, zoology, anthropology, mythology, criminology

-ant

Forms nouns denoting agents

assistant, consultant, participant, applicant, defendant, contestant, immigrant, migrant, servant, participant


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