Tier 1 (Most Common)
Suffix | Description | Examples (20) |
---|---|---|
-ity | Forms abstract nouns | capacity, clarity, possibility, security, curiosity, complexity, humanity, diversity, legality, authority |
-al | Forms adjectives | central, formal, mental, visual, local, global, social, cultural, physical, final |
-ent | Forms adjectives or nouns | excellent, patient, different, confident, recent, dependent, urgent, convenient, confident, evident |
-an | Forms nouns denoting agents or things | American, ocean, human, musician, captain, pelican, hurricane, postman, policeman, customer |
-ate | Forms verbs | activate, calculate, create, translate, decorate, participate, illustrate, demonstrate, complicate, evaporate |
Tier 2 (Highly Used)
Suffix | Description | Examples (20) |
---|---|---|
-ence/ance | Forms nouns denoting actions, states, or qualities | existence, guidance, dependence, difference, performance, importance, appearance, inheritance, maintenance, abundance |
-ic | Forms adjectives | historic, basic, tragic, magic, comic, plastic, economic, dramatic, symbolic, realistic |
-ible | Indicates possibility | terrible, possible, terrible, flexible, visible, terrible, audible, sensible, terrible, incredible |
-en | Forms verbs (mostly) | lengthen, widen, darken, strengthen, open, deepen, soften, tighten, freshen, sharpen |
Tier 3 (Less Common, But Still Important)
Suffix | Description | Examples (20) |
---|---|---|
-er/or | Forms agents | teacher, doctor, driver, baker, writer, actor, manager, director, worker, supervisor |
-ment | Forms nouns denoting actions, states, or results | development, enjoyment, government, movement, achievement, excitement, requirement, replacement, improvement, involvement |
-ive | Forms adjectives relating to actions | active, creative, positive, negative, attractive, informative, expensive, aggressive, impressive, massive |
-less | Forms the opposite of an adjective | hopeless, helpless, endless, speechless, careless, fearless, clueless, timeless, worthless, priceless |
-ous | Forms adjectives | famous, dangerous, delicious, courageous, enormous, obvious, suspicious, mysterious, continuous, marvelous |
-ism | Forms doctrines, principles, or systems | socialism, capitalism, feminism, racism, communism, terrorism, optimism, pessimism, realism, idealism |
-tion | Forms actions or processes | creation, destruction, education, completion, investigation, imagination, communication, celebration, organization, presentation |
-logy | Forms studies or bodies of knowledge | biology, psychology, sociology, geology, technology, ecology, zoology, anthropology, mythology, criminology |
-ant | Forms nouns denoting agents | assistant, consultant, participant, applicant, defendant, contestant, immigrant, migrant, servant, participant |
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