VITAMIN: B 12

 Vitamin B12 (also called Cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for many vital processes in the body. Below is an overview of its significance, sources, and health implications:

Functions:

Red Blood Cell Formation: Helps in producing healthy red blood cells and preventing anemia (especially megaloblastic anemia).

DNA Synthesis: Plays a crucial role in the synthesis of DNA during cell division.

Nervous System Health: Maintains healthy nerve cells and supports proper neurological function.

Energy Production: Aids in converting food into energy by assisting enzymes in metabolism.

Sources of Vitamin B12:

• Animal-Based Foods:
• Meat (beef, chicken)
• Fish (salmon, tuna)
• Eggs
• Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
• Fortified Foods:
• Breakfast cereals
• Plant-based milk (soy, almond, etc.)

Supplements: Available for individuals with dietary restrictions or absorption issues.

Natural Production: Small amounts are produced by gut bacteria, but not enough for human needs.

Deficiency Symptoms:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
• Memory issues or cognitive decline
• Pale or jaundiced skin
• Shortness of breath and dizziness
• Mood changes, including depression

Causes of Deficiency:

• Inadequate dietary intake (common in vegans and vegetarians)
• Malabsorption conditions (e.g., pernicious anemia, Crohn’s disease)
• Certain medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors, metformin)
• Aging (reduced stomach acid production)

Daily Requirements:

Adults: 2.4 micrograms per day (slightly higher for pregnant or breastfeeding women).

Toxicity:

Vitamin B12 is water-soluble, so excess amounts are generally excreted in urine, making toxicity rare.

Treatment for Deficiency: Note: Only with Doctor's prescription. 

Oral supplements

Vitamin B12 injections (for severe cases or absorption issues)